Columbus and the Discovery of America essays

Columbus and the Discovery of America essays Columbus discovery of America and that of his travel to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, are the two most unpleasant and significant events that have impacted modern civilization as we know it. By Columbus discovering America, he conquered, enslaved other cultures, destroyed lands, introduced disease and caused extinction, alteration of species and the destruction of the environment. Columbus is above all a villain of the modern age. Columbus alone was responsible for the enslavement and genocide of the people he had encountered in the new world that he had discovered. Upon his arrival in the Cape of Hope, he kidnapped twelve of the Arawaks and brought them back to Spain to learn Spanish. Exactly one year later, Columbus returned with the captives to the Cape of Hope and enslaved its first nations people in order to acquire its silver and gold. As Columbus demanded a quotient of gold for every day, those who refused or committed criminal offenses had their ears and noses severed off. As this continued to happen, the Arawaks became enraged and resisted. Columbus fought back by releasing his attack dogs that viciously tore apart and slaughtered the Arawak tribe. He then captured 1,500 natives and took them to Spain. Five hundred died on the voyage. While in Spain, it was demanded of the remaining captured tribe members to pay respects to the Queen Isabella and those who refused had their hands hacked off. The Ki ng later stated that the Arawaks had chosen their own fate and many women committed suicide and murdered their own children. Columbus and his crew brought disease over to the new land. Within the next fifty years, over 3,000,000 Arawaks died because they did not have the same immunities to these diseases as the Spaniards (ex. the common cold, small pox). Before the disease that the Spaniards exposed to the natives, the Arawaks had particularly good health. Specific diseases that were s...

History of the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Italy

History of the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Italy The 1960 Olympic Games (also known as the XVII Olympiad) were held in Rome, Italy from August 25 to September 11, 1960. There were many firsts at these Olympics, including the first to be televised, the first to have the Olympic Anthem, and the first to have an Olympic champion run in bare feet.   Fast Facts Official Who Opened the Games:  Italian President Giovanni GronchiPerson Who Lit the Olympic Flame:  Italian track athlete  Giancarlo PerisNumber of Athletes:  5,338  (611 women, 4,727 men)Number of Countries:  83 Number of Events:  150 A Wish Fulfilled After the 1904 Olympics were held in St. Louis, Missouri, the father of the modern Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin, wished to have the Olympics hosted in Rome: I desired Rome only because I wanted Olympism, after its return from the excursion to utilitarian America, to don once again the sumptuous toga, woven of art and philosophy, in which I had always wanted to clothe her.* The International Olympic Committee (IOC) agreed and chose Rome, Italy to host the 1908 Olympics. However, when Mt. Vesuvius erupted on April 7, 1906, killing 100 people and burying nearby towns, Rome passed the Olympics to London. It was to take another 54 years until the Olympics would finally be held in Italy. Ancient and Modern Locations Holding the Olympics in Italy did bring together the mixture of ancient and modern that Coubertin had so wanted.  The Basilica of Maxentius and the Baths of Caracalla were restored to host the wrestling and gymnastic events respectively, while an Olympic Stadium and a Sports Palace were built for the Games. First and Last The 1960 Olympic Games were the first Olympics to be fully covered by television. It was also the first time the newly chosen Olympic Anthem, composed by Spiros Samaras, was played. However, the 1960 Olympics were the last that South Africa was allowed to participate in for 32 years. (Once apartheid ended, South Africa was allowed to rejoin the Olympic Games in 1992.) Amazing Stories Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia surprisingly won the gold medal in the marathon - with bare feet. (Video) Bikila was the very first black African to become an Olympic champion. Interestingly, Bikila won the gold again in 1964, but that time, he wore shoes.   United States athlete Cassius Clay, later known as Muhammad Ali, made headlines when he won a gold medal in light heavyweight boxing. He was to go on to an illustrious boxing career, eventually being called, the Greatest.   Born prematurely and then stricken with polio as a young child, U.S. African-American runner Wilma Rudolph overcame here disabilities and went on to win three gold medals at this Olympic Games. A Future King and Queen Participated Greeces Princess Sofia (the future queen of Spain) and her brother, Prince Constantine (the future and last king of Greece), both represented Greece at the 1960 Olympics in sailing. Prince Constantine won a gold medal in sailing, dragon class. A Controversy Unfortunately, there was a ruling problem on the 100-meter freestyle swim. John Devitt (Australia) and Lance Larson (United States) had been neck and neck during the last segment of the race. Though they both finished at about the same time, most of the audience, the sports reporters, and the swimmers themselves believed Larson (U.S.) had won. However, the three judges ruled that Devitt (Australia) had won. Even though the official times showed a faster time for Larson than for Devitt, the ruling held. * Pierre de Coubertin as quoted in Allen Guttmann, The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992) 28.